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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

The common cold.

Terho Heikkinen1, Asko Järvinen

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. terho.heikkinen@utu.fi

Lancet (London, England)
|January 9, 2003
PubMed
Summary

The common cold, primarily caused by rhinoviruses, remains a significant societal burden. While new treatments and vaccines are developing, rapid viral detection is key, and complete prevention is still a distant goal.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The common cold imposes substantial human suffering and economic losses.
  • Rhinoviruses are the most prominent viral cause, but other viruses like human metapneumovirus are implicated.
  • The exact cause for approximately 25% of colds remains unidentified, suggesting potential for further viral discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of common cold etiology and impact.
  • To discuss the inflammatory mechanisms and virus-host interactions in common colds.
  • To explore advancements in treatment and prevention strategies for the common cold.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral causes of the common cold.
  • Analysis of research on inflammatory pathways in respiratory infections.

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  • Evaluation of current and emerging antiviral and vaccine development.

    • Main Results:

    • Rhinoviruses are the leading cause, but the etiology of many colds is still unknown.
    • Viral infections play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and complications of the common cold.
    • Rapid diagnostic methods are essential for effective use of new antiviral therapies.

    Conclusions:

    • The common cold continues to present challenges due to complex viral causes and host responses.
    • While therapeutic and prophylactic advancements are ongoing, complete prevention of the common cold is not yet feasible.