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Self-esteem and memory.

Romin W Tafarodi1, Tara C Marshall, Alan B Milne

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. tafarodi@psych.utoronto.ca

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|January 10, 2003
PubMed
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This study explored memory bias linked to self-esteem. Results suggest the relevance model, not mood congruence, better explains how self-esteem influences memory recall for negative information.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Global self-esteem influences cognitive processes, including memory.
  • Two models, mood-congruence and relevance, propose mechanisms for self-esteem-related memory bias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate which model, mood-congruence or relevance, better explains memory bias related to global self-esteem.
  • To examine how self-esteem dimensions (self-competence, self-liking) affect memory for congruent and incongruent content.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies were conducted to test predictions from both models.
  • Participants' self-esteem levels and memory recall for different content categories were assessed.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Findings were largely consistent with the relevance model.
  • The relevance model better accounted for memory biases across various content types compared to the mood-congruence model.

    • Conclusions:

    • The relevance model provides a more robust explanation for how global self-esteem impacts memory bias.
    • Self-esteem influences memory encoding, particularly for negative information, in individuals with lower self-esteem.