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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

Published on: February 10, 2012

Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.

C Silagy¹, T Lancaster, L Stead

¹Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Health Sciences, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. lindsay.stead@dphpc.ox.ac.uk

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|January 10, 2003

Summary

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) effectively aids smoking cessation, increasing quit rates by 1.5 to 2 times. Various NRT forms are beneficial, with bupropion showing potential as a more effective alternative.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Addiction Medicine
Pharmacology

Background:

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aims to reduce withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation by replacing nicotine from cigarettes.
NRT helps individuals resist the urge to smoke, supporting their efforts to quit.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of various NRT forms (gum, patches, nasal spray, inhalers, tablets) for smoking abstinence or reduction.
To determine if NRT effectiveness varies by clinical setting, dosage, NRT form, or support intensity.
To compare the efficacy of NRT combinations and NRT against other pharmacotherapies.

Main Methods:

A systematic search of the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register was conducted in July 2002.
Included were randomized trials comparing NRT to placebo/no treatment or different NRT doses, with follow-up of at least six months.
Meta-analysis using a fixed effects model was performed on data from 110 identified trials.

Main Results:

NRT significantly increased smoking abstinence odds by 1.74 times compared to controls.
Odds ratios for abstinence varied by NRT form: gum (1.66), patches (1.74), nasal spray (2.27), inhaler (2.08), and sublingual tablets (2.08).
Bupropion demonstrated greater effectiveness than nicotine patch or placebo in a direct comparison.

Conclusions:

All commercially available NRT forms are effective in promoting smoking cessation, approximately doubling quit rates.
NRT effectiveness is largely independent of the clinical setting or intensity of additional support provided.
Bupropion shows promise as a potentially more effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapy than NRT, warranting further investigation.