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Related Experiment Videos

Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: a meta-analysis.

V Lorant1, D Deliège, W Eaton

  • 1Health Systems Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. lorant@sesa.ucl.ac.be

American Journal of Epidemiology
|January 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to higher depression rates, particularly for persistent depression. This meta-analysis highlights socioeconomic inequality in depression, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Low socioeconomic status (SES) is generally linked to adverse health outcomes, including psychiatric morbidity.
  • The association between SES and depression is complex and debated.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the association between SES and depression.
  • To determine the magnitude, shape, and influencing factors of this relationship.
  • To investigate socioeconomic inequalities in depression prevalence, incidence, and persistence.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search identified 51 prevalence, 5 incidence, and 4 persistence studies.
  • Random effects models were used to analyze odds ratios comparing lowest vs. highest SES groups.

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  • Meta-regression assessed dose-response relationships and covariate influences.

    • Main Results:

    • Individuals with low SES had significantly higher odds of being depressed (OR = 1.81).
    • Low SES was associated with lower odds of new depression episodes (OR = 1.24) but higher odds of persistent depression (OR = 2.06).
    • A dose-response relationship was found for education and income, indicating a gradient effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Compelling evidence supports socioeconomic inequality in depression.
    • This inequality is heterogeneous, influenced by measurement of depression, SES, region, and time.
    • Intervention strategies are needed to address socioeconomic disparities in depression, particularly concerning its course.