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Pulmonary function evaluation during the Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz missions.

C F Sawin, A E Nicogossian, J A Rummel

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |February 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Astronauts experienced a slight decrease in vital capacity during spaceflight. Pulmonary function returned to normal after returning to Earth, with no significant long-term changes observed.

    Area of Science:

    • Space Medicine
    • Physiology
    • Pulmonary Function

    Background:

    • Previous studies on pulmonary function in altered gravity were limited.
    • No prior research examined normoxic, null-gravity environments like Skylab.
    • Apollo missions showed no significant postflight pulmonary changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess pulmonary function in astronauts during Skylab missions.
    • To investigate changes in vital capacity (VC) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in microgravity.
    • To establish baseline pulmonary function data for space exploration.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurements included vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), residual volume (RV), and closing volume (CV).
    • Inflight and pre/postflight measurements were conducted during Skylab 2, 3, and 4 missions.
    Keywords:
    NASA Experiment Number ASTP012NASA Experiment Number M171

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  • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) crewmen underwent similar postflight evaluations.

    • Main Results:

    • A slight decrease (approximately 10%) in vital capacity was observed in flight for Skylab 4 crewmen.
    • No significant preflight-to-postflight changes in pulmonary function were detected.
    • ASTP postflight data were complicated by nitrogen tetroxide fume exposure.

    Conclusions:

    • Spaceflight in a normoxic, null-gravity environment caused a minor, temporary reduction in vital capacity.
    • Astronaut pulmonary function appears resilient, with no major long-term deficits.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand pulmonary adaptation to spaceflight.