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Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition: a target in cancer prevention and treatment
Suphat Subongkot1, David Frame, William Leslie
1Department of Pharmacy, Rush-Presbyterian-St.Luke's Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Abstract:
A major goal in the area of cancer prevention and treatment is to make rational use of defined molecular targets in order to block carcinogenesis. Studies conducted in experimental animal models for many human cancers, including those of lung, skin, mammary gland, urinary bladder, colon, and pancreas, have demonstrated that carcinogenesis often may be inhibited by the administration of a highly diverse group of biologic and chemical agents. One very promising and well-studied target is cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Interestingly, a number of cancers appear to overexpress the COX-2 enzyme, which may play several roles in carcinogenesis. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the effect of COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis, a genetic disorder that increases the risk for developing colorectal cancer. Ongoing clinical trials with COX-2 inhibitors will increase our understanding and may give us profound insights into the general applicability of this new targeted approach for cancer control.
Insights
Targeting cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 shows promise for cancer prevention and treatment. COX-2 inhibitors are being studied for their effectiveness in blocking cancer development and treating genetic disorders like familial adenomatous polyposis.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Prevention
Background:
- Carcinogenesis can be inhibited by various agents in animal models.
- Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is a molecular target implicated in several human cancers.
- Overexpression of COX-2 is observed in numerous cancer types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as a molecular target in cancer prevention and treatment.
- To review the potential of COX-2 inhibitors in blocking carcinogenesis.
- To assess the clinical efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors in managing cancer risk.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental animal model studies for various human cancers.
- Analysis of clinical studies on COX-2 inhibitors.
- Examination of ongoing clinical trials involving COX-2 inhibitors.
Main Results:
- Carcinogenesis inhibition observed with diverse agents in preclinical models.
- COX-2 inhibitors show efficacy in treating familial adenomatous polyposis, a colorectal cancer precursor.
- Clinical studies demonstrate the therapeutic effect of COX-2 inhibitors.
Conclusions:
- Targeting cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 represents a promising strategy for cancer control.
- COX-2 inhibitors have potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment.
- Further clinical trials are crucial for understanding the broad applicability of COX-2 targeted therapy.