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Xenobiotic conjugation systems in deer compared with cattle and rat.

Susila Sivapathasundaram1, Maurice J Sauer, Costas Ioannides

  • 1Molecular Toxicology Group, School of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP
|January 14, 2003
PubMed
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Cattle and deer liver enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism show significant differences compared to rats. Key enzymes like glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase are less active in these domestic animals, impacting detoxification pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Comparative Toxicology
  • Xenobiotic Metabolism

Background:

  • Liver enzymes are crucial for detoxifying foreign compounds (xenobiotics) in mammals.
  • Species-specific differences in enzyme activity can influence toxicological responses and drug metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare xenobiotic conjugation reaction catalysis in cattle and deer liver with rat liver.
  • To identify species-specific differences in key drug-metabolizing enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity using benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide.
  • Measured hepatic cytosol glutathione S-transferase activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene.
  • Determined glutathione reductase activity, total glutathione levels, cytosolic sulfotransferase activity (using 2-naphthol), and microsomal UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity (using 1-naphthol).

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Main Results:

  • Cattle and deer showed nearly double the epoxide hydrolase activity compared to rats.
  • Glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase activity, and total glutathione levels were significantly lower in cattle and deer.
  • Cytosolic sulfotransferase activity was higher in cattle, while UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity did not differ significantly among species.

Conclusions:

  • Significant species-specific variations exist in hepatic xenobiotic conjugation enzyme activities between cattle/deer and rats.
  • Lower glutathione-related enzyme activities in cattle and deer suggest potentially reduced capacity for certain xenobiotic detoxification pathways.