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[Micronutrients in HIV-infection and the relationship with the inflammatory response]
María Jesús Jiménez-Expósito1, Mònica Bulló Bonet, Carlos Alonso-Villaverde
1Unidad de Nutrición Humana. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universitat Rovira y Virgili. Reus. Tarragona. Spain.
Background:
Our aim was to measure the plasma concentrations of various vitamins and micronutrients involved in the immune response and antioxidant systems of an HIV+ population and to determine how they are related to the inflammatory response.
Patients And Method:
We studied 86 subjects with known HIV-infection who were divided into three groups (asymptomatic HIV+; AIDS without opportunistic infection; and AIDS with active opportunistic infection) which were compared with a control group. Serum concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin E, copper and zinc were measured, as well as several inflammatory parameters. Absorption tests for fat and sugar were performed in all patients.
Results:
Serum vitamin A and E levels were below the reference range in 36.4% and 14.3% patients, respectively, but not in controls subjects. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency increased with the severity of the disease. Fewer patients than controls had values below the reference range regarding serum copper. AIDS patients with active opportunistic infection showed significantly lower serum concentrations of vitamin A (p < 0.001) and significantly higher serum concentrations of copper (p < 0.0001). Both serum concentrations of vitamin A and copper were correlated with various inflammatory parameters.
Conclusions:
Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in HIV-infected patients including asymptomatic patients. Vitamin A and copper were significantly correlated with inflammatory parameters, suggesting that their serum concentrations have more to do with the inflammatory response than with the nutritional status.