[Rectosigmoid endometriosis with lymph node involvement]

Endometriosis mainly affects women of a fertile age and is usually located in the pelvis. Extrapelvic involvement is less frequent. We present the case of a female patient with endometriosis of the rectosigmoid and mesenteric lymph nodes, which is an extremely rare finding. Although the most widely accepted theory of the pathogenesis of this disease postulates retrograde menstruation through the Fallopian tubes with subsequent implantation in the peritoneum, these findings support lymphatic dissemination of endometrial cells as a theory of pathogenesis in cases of extrapelvic involvement.