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Pathogenic human viruses in coastal waters.

Dale W Griffin1, Kim A Donaldson, John H Paul

  • 1Center for Coastal and Regional Marine Studies, U.S. Geological Survey. College of Marine Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA. dgriffin@usgs.gov

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|January 15, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Pathogenic viruses from sewage contaminate marine waters, posing health risks to swimmers. Advanced molecular methods are crucial for understanding and mitigating these risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Public health virology

Background:

  • Marine waters are increasingly impacted by sewage, leading to contamination with pathogenic viruses.
  • Fecal-oral viral pathogens like enteroviruses and noroviruses can cause various infections through recreational water exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review historical and recent findings on viral contamination in marine environments.
  • To highlight the public health concerns regarding recreational water exposure to marine viruses.
  • To discuss the limitations of current detection methods and the potential of new molecular assays.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and contemporary scientific literature.
  • Analysis of studies employing molecular biology-based assays for viral detection.
  • Examination of research on the survival and public health impact of marine viruses.

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Main Results:

  • Pathogenic viruses are prevalent in sewage-impacted marine waters.
  • Viral pathogens can cause a spectrum of human infections following recreational exposure.
  • The relationship between pathogen presence and recreational health risk remains poorly understood.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced molecular methods are essential for sensitive detection of diverse marine pathogens.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and address the public health risks associated with marine viral contamination.