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Related Experiment Videos

[Prostaglandin E2 synthases].

Yoshihito Nakatani1, Ichiro Kudo

  • 1Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan. nakatani@pharm.showa-u.ac.jp

Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica
|January 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Prostaglandin E2 synthases (PGES) are key enzymes in producing PGE2. This study identifies three PGES types, including cytosolic PGES (cPGES) and microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1), crucial for inflammation and cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial signaling molecule with diverse physiological roles.
  • PGE2 synthase (PGES) enzymes catalyze the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to PGE2.
  • Understanding PGES diversity is vital for comprehending PGE2-mediated processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize distinct types of Prostaglandin E2 synthases (PGES) in mammals.
  • To elucidate the functional relationships and regulatory mechanisms of different PGES isoforms.
  • To explore the potential of PGES as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of glutathione-dependent and -independent PGES enzymes.
  • Analysis of enzyme expression patterns (constitutive vs. inducible).

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  • Investigation of enzyme localization (cytosolic, microsomal, perinuclear) and protein interactions (e.g., cPGES with hsp90).

    • Main Results:

    • Discovery of at least three distinct PGES types in mammals.
    • Cytosolic PGES (cPGES/p23) is constitutively expressed, associated with hsp90, and linked to COX-1.
    • Microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1) is inducible, perinuclear, linked to COX-2, and involved in inflammation, fever, osteogenesis, and cancer.
    • Microsomal PGES-2 (mPGES-2), a glutathione-nonspecific enzyme, was also identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Mammals possess multiple PGES isoforms with distinct biochemical properties and biological functions.
    • The COX-2/mPGES-1 pathway is critical for inducible PGE2 synthesis relevant to inflammatory and oncogenic processes.
    • PGES enzymes represent promising novel targets for drug development due to their roles in various diseases.