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The female athlete triad.

Keren Kazis1, Elba Iglesias

  • 1Division of Adolescent Medicine, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.

Adolescent Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|January 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary

The female athlete triad, a condition of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, is rising. Early identification and intervention are key to preventing long-term health issues in athletes.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • The female athlete triad is a serious health concern comprising disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.
  • Its prevalence is increasing due to higher female participation in competitive sports.
  • This syndrome can lead to significant long-term health consequences, particularly in adolescent athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the components, risks, and management strategies for the female athlete triad.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and prevention in at-risk athletes.
  • To discuss current treatment approaches and ongoing research for bone health in affected adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of the female athlete triad.
  • Analysis of the impact of intense exercise and disordered eating on the hypothalamic-pituitarian-ovarian (HPO) axis.
  • Examination of the relationship between hypothalamic amenorrhea and bone mineral density.

Main Results:

  • Disordered eating and intense exercise can disrupt the HPO axis, causing amenorrhea.
  • Amenorrhea in athletes, especially adolescents, increases osteoporosis risk and fracture potential.
  • Peak bone mass attainment in adolescence is critical, making this population vulnerable.

Conclusions:

  • Prevention through education and early identification of at-risk athletes is crucial.
  • Initial treatment involves nutritional support and reduced physical activity to restore menses.
  • Management of osteoporosis in adolescent athletes is complex and requires further research into novel treatments.

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