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Related Experiment Videos

[Chromosomal instability in rodents from the EURT territory: interspecies comparison].

E A Gileva1

  • 1Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Urals Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 640144 Russia. e.a.gileva@ipae.uran.ru

Radiatsionnaia Biologiia, Radioecologiia
|January 18, 2003
PubMed
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The common vole shows increased chromosome aberrations due to radioactive contamination from the Mayak accident. However, the mole vole exhibits no genomic response, possibly due to protective melanin metabolites or heritable adaptations.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Genetics
  • Radiobiology

Background:

  • The Eastern Urals Reserve (EURT) experienced significant radioactive contamination (500-1000 Ci/km2) following the 1957 Mayak plant accident.
  • Strontium-90 (90Sr) pollution is a global concern in the Middle and South Urals and Transurals regions.
  • Generations of common voles (Microtus arvalis) and mole voles (Ellobius talpinus) have lived in these contaminated areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the cytogenetic effects of chronic radioactive exposure on M. arvalis and E. talpinus populations.
  • To investigate potential adaptive mechanisms or lack thereof in response to long-term 90Sr contamination.
  • To compare genomic responses between two rodent species inhabiting radioactively polluted environments.

Main Methods:

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  • Trapping of M. arvalis and E. talpinus in the EURT and control populations.
  • Measurement of internal dose rates from 90Sr and total accumulated doses from external and internal sources.
  • Analysis of cytogenetic parameters: frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations and gaps, rates of aneuploidy and polyploidy.

    • Main Results:

    • M. arvalis in EURT exhibited a significantly higher frequency of aberrant cells (4.57%) compared to control populations (0.44-0.86%).
    • E. talpinus showed no significant increase in any cytogenetic parameters compared to control groups.
    • Average internal dose rates from 90Sr were 0.413 mGy/day in M. arvalis and 0.985 mGy/day in E. talpinus.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic 90Sr exposure induces significant cytogenetic damage in M. arvalis populations.
    • The absence of a genomic response in E. talpinus suggests potential protective mechanisms, such as melanin-related metabolites or evolved heritable resistance.
    • Genetic drift and selection in isolated E. talpinus demes may have contributed to the observed lack of cytogenetic aberrations.