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Apoptosis in canine distemper.

L Moro1, A de Sousa Martins, C de Moraes Alves

  • 1Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. moro@icb.ufmg.br

Archives of Virology
|January 22, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Canine distemper virus increases apoptosis, programmed cell death, in lymphoid tissues. This finding helps explain the severe immunosuppression observed in dogs with this systemic viral disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Canine distemper is a systemic viral disease causing immunosuppression and secondary infections.
  • Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is linked to immunosuppressive diseases.
  • The role of apoptosis in canine distemper in vivo was previously undocumented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and significance of apoptosis in canine distemper.
  • To determine if apoptosis contributes to the immunosuppression associated with canine distemper virus infection.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological examination of lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes, thymus, spleen) and brain from naturally and experimentally infected dogs.
  • Staining techniques included HE, Shorr, Methyl Green-Pyronin, and TUNEL reaction.

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  • Immunohistochemistry was used to detect canine distemper virus nucleoprotein.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased numbers of apoptotic cells were observed in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes of infected dogs compared to controls.
    • DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in the thymus of infected dogs.
    • Canine distemper virus nucleoprotein was detected in infected tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Apoptosis is significantly increased in the lymphoid tissues during canine distemper infection.
    • The heightened apoptosis contributes to lymphoid depletion and the resulting immunosuppression in canine distemper.
    • These findings elucidate a key mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of canine distemper.