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Aging and thrombosis.

Wade R Wilkerson1, David C Sane

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1045, USA.

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
|January 22, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Elderly individuals face higher risks of blood clots due to increased clotting factors and inflammation. However, these changes may offer survival benefits, with obesity potentially exacerbating these risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Advanced age significantly elevates risks for venous and arterial thrombotic events.
  • Age-related increases in coagulation proteins (e.g., fibrinogen, factors VIII and IX) without corresponding anticoagulant factor increases contribute to thrombotic risk.
  • Genomic elements, enhanced platelet activity, and vascular wall changes also play roles in age-related thrombosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the increased thrombotic propensity in the elderly.
  • To investigate the role of inflammation, genomic factors, and obesity in age-related thrombosis.
  • To understand potential survival advantages associated with the prothrombotic state in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on coagulation proteins, genomic influences, platelet activity, and vascular changes.
  • Analysis of age-related inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein.
  • Examination of the impact of obesity on thrombotic risk factors in the elderly.

Main Results:

  • Elevated levels of coagulation proteins and inflammatory markers (IL-6, C-reactive protein) are characteristic of aging and linked to thrombus formation.
  • Genomic elements influence age-related expression of coagulation proteins.
  • Obesity exacerbates thrombotic risks through inflammatory cytokines and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).

Conclusions:

  • The aging population exhibits a prothrombotic state influenced by coagulation, inflammation, and vascular changes.
  • Despite increased risk, clinical thrombotic events are not universal, suggesting potential survival benefits.
  • Further research is crucial to fully elucidate the mechanisms of thrombosis in the elderly, especially considering the impact of obesity.

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