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Nature, nurture and human disease.

Aravinda Chakravarti1, Peter Little

  • 1McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Jefferson Street Building, 2-109, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. aravinda@jhmi.edu

Nature
|January 24, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Fifty years after DNA

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Human Biology
  • Disease Etiology

Background:

  • The discovery of DNA's structure revolutionized biology.
  • Understanding human biology and common diseases remains a significant challenge.
  • The interplay between genetics and environment is not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of DNA structure discovery on understanding human biology and disease.
  • To identify limitations in current knowledge regarding common disease causes.
  • To propose a framework for integrating environmental factors into the DNA paradigm.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on DNA, human biology, and common diseases.
  • Analysis of the limitations in explaining disease etiology solely through genetics.

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  • Conceptual framework development integrating environmental influences at the DNA level.

    • Main Results:

    • Despite DNA's discovery, a comprehensive understanding of individual human biology and common diseases is lacking.
    • The "nurture" aspect (environmental influence) remains a significant gap in the DNA paradigm.
    • Environmental factors are hypothesized to influence biological processes at the DNA level.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental influences must be understood at the DNA level to fully grasp common disease causes.
    • Future research should focus on the epigenetics and environmental interactions with DNA.
    • A paradigm shift is needed to incorporate environmental factors for a complete understanding of human health and disease.