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Related Concept Videos

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

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Here, we describe the assembly of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation complexes requiring only short synthetic DNA and RNA oligonucleotides and purified Pol II. These complexes are useful for studying mechanisms underlying co-transcriptional processing of transcripts associated with the Pol II elongation...
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An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector10:13

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This protocol describes a method to achieve stable integration of a gene of interest into the human genome by the transcriptionally regulated Sleeping Beauty system. Preparation of the integration of defective lentiviral vectors, the in vitro transduction of human cells, and the molecular assay on transduced cells are...
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

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Herein we propose a strategy to study the effect of a transcription factor of interest on the microRNA transcriptome using publically available data, computational resources and high throughput data from microRNA arrays after transfecting cells with small hairpin (sh)RNA targeting a transcription factor of interest.
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Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp111:02

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With the murine ABC transporter Bcrp1 (Abcg2) as an example, in-silico protocols are presented to detect alternative promoter usage in genes expressed in mouse tissues, and to evaluate the functionality of the alternative promoters identified using reporter...
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Methods to Study Mrp4-containing Macromolecular Complexes in the Regulation of Fibroblast Migration10:43

Methods to Study Mrp4-containing Macromolecular Complexes in the Regulation of Fibroblast Migration

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MRP4 regulates various cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling events including a recently elucidated role in cell migration. We describe a direct, but multifaceted approach to unravel the downstream molecular targets of MRP4 resulting in identification of a unique MRP4 interactome that plays key roles in the fine-tuned regulation of fibroblast...
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High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes09:44

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

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Here we describe a cell-based reporter gene assay as a valuable tool to screen chemical libraries for compounds modulating post-transcriptional control mechanisms exerted through 3’...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

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The digital code of DNA.

Leroy Hood1, David Galas

  • 1Institute for Systems Biology, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. lhood@systemsbiology.org

Nature
|January 24, 2003
PubMed
Summary

The discovery of DNA structure revolutionized biology, revealing its digital and complementary nature. This understanding underpins genomics and gene regulatory networks, viewing biology as an information science.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The elucidation of DNA's structure marked a paradigm shift in biological sciences.
  • This discovery paved the way for the Human Genome Project and advanced molecular biology.
  • It established a new perspective of biology as an information science.

Discussion:

  • DNA's digital nature and strand complementarity are key to its functional significance.
  • Genes, encoding proteins, represent one form of digital information within DNA.
  • Gene regulatory networks, specifying gene behavior, constitute another critical information layer.

Key Insights:

  • DNA structure's digital encoding and complementarity are fundamental to biological processes.
  • Understanding DNA as an information system is crucial for deciphering life's mechanisms.

More Related Videos

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High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.2K
Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

8.9K
High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
09:44

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Published on: March 3, 2015

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  • The dual information systems (genes and regulatory networks) highlight DNA's complexity.

    • Outlook:

    • Future research will continue to leverage DNA's information-centric properties.
    • Advancements in genomics and systems biology are direct outcomes of this discovery.
    • The ongoing exploration of DNA information promises further biological breakthroughs.