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Related Experiment Videos

Safety issues when using a 16% carbamide peroxide whitening solution.

Ralph H Leonard1, Glenn E Garland, James C Eagle

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Sciences and General Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7450, USA. Ralph_Leonard@dentistry.unc.edu

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry : Official Publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [Et Al.]
|January 25, 2003
PubMed
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Higher concentration carbamide peroxide (16%) for teeth whitening showed no significant differences in safety compared to 10% or placebo, except for increased gingival irritation. This vital bleaching study offers insights into safe and effective tooth whitening options.

Area of Science:

  • Dental Science
  • Oral Health
  • Cosmetic Dentistry

Background:

  • Limited scientific data exists on the safety of carbamide peroxide whitening solutions exceeding 10% concentration.
  • This study addresses the gap by investigating the safety of 16% carbamide peroxide in nightguard vital bleaching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the safety of 16% carbamide peroxide versus placebo and 10% carbamide peroxide in vital tooth bleaching.
  • To evaluate changes in gingival health, oral mucosa, tooth vitality, and patient-reported sensitivity and irritation.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, split-tray design study involving 20 female dental hygiene students.
  • Participants used a maxillary treatment tray for 14 nights, applying placebo, 10% carbamide peroxide, or 16% carbamide peroxide solutions.

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  • Evaluated outcomes included gingival index, plaque index, oral mucosal index, tooth vitality, and patient perceptions.

    • Main Results:

    • No statistically significant differences were found between 16% carbamide peroxide and the other solutions regarding gingival index, plaque index, oral mucosa index, tooth vitality, or tooth sensitivity (p > .05).
    • Increased gingival irritation was reported in quadrants treated with 16% carbamide peroxide compared to placebo or 10% carbamide peroxide (p > .05).
    • A notable percentage of participants reported sensitivity even with the tray alone or placebo solution.

    Conclusions:

    • Except for a higher incidence of gingival irritation, 16% carbamide peroxide is comparable in safety to 10% carbamide peroxide and placebo for nightguard vital bleaching.
    • The study suggests 16% carbamide peroxide can be effective for vital bleaching with no significant adverse effects on oral tissues or tooth vitality.
    • Patient-reported sensitivity is a factor to consider, occurring even without active whitening agents.