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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Precipitation of Ions

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

Published on: January 15, 2012

A nebular origin for chondritic fine-grained phyllosilicates.

Fred J Ciesla¹, Dante S Lauretta, Barbara A Cohen

¹Department of Planetary Sciences, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. fciesla@lpl.arizona.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 25, 2003

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Phyllosilicates in CM chondrites likely formed rapidly due to shock waves in the solar nebula, not slow gas-solid reactions. This explains simultaneous chondrule and rim formation.

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Area of Science:

Planetary Science
Cosmochemistry
Mineralogy

Background:

Hydrated minerals, specifically phyllosilicates, are found in accretionary rims around chondrules in CM chondrites.
Previous models have questioned the formation of these phyllosilicates through standard gas-solid reactions in the early solar nebula.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a new model for the rapid formation of phyllosilicates in chondrule rims.
To explain the simultaneous formation of chondrules and their fine-grained accretionary rims.

Main Methods:

Investigating the conditions created by chondrule-forming shock waves in icy regions of the solar nebula.
Analyzing the timescales for mineral hydration and cooling within a shocked nebular environment.

Main Results:

Shock waves in icy nebular regions can create conditions conducive to rapid mineral hydration.
The calculated timescales for phyllosilicate formation align with the cooling period from hydration stability to water ice condensation.

Conclusions:

Chondrule-forming shock waves provide a viable mechanism for the rapid hydration and formation of phyllosilicates in CM chondrite rims.
This shock wave scenario offers a consistent explanation for the co-formation of chondrules and their accretionary rims.