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Apoplectic lymphocytic hypophysitis. Case report.

Michael S Lee1, Misha Pless

  • 1Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. leem4@ccf.org

Journal of Neurosurgery
|January 28, 2003
PubMed
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Pituitary apoplexy, a rare event, was documented in a patient with lymphocytic hypophysitis. This case highlights a new association between pituitary apoplexy and lymphocytic hypophysitis, expanding understanding of pituitary disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the pituitary gland.
  • Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden onset of severe headache, visual impairment, and ophthalmoplegia, typically associated with pituitary adenomas.

Observation:

  • A woman presented with acute vision loss and severe headache.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed focal hemorrhages within a sellar lesion with suprasophageal extension.

Findings:

  • Histopathological analysis confirmed the lesion to be lymphocytic hypophysitis.
  • This represents the first reported case of pituitary apoplexy occurring in the context of lymphocytic hypophysitis.

Implications:

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  • This case expands the known clinical presentations of lymphocytic hypophysitis.
  • It suggests that pituitary apoplexy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sellar lesions presenting with apoplectic symptoms, even in the absence of a pituitary adenoma.
  • Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology and incidence of this association.