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Pathways of iron absorption.

Marcel E Conrad1, Jay N Umbreit

  • 1Gulf Coast MBCCOP, Suite 301, 3 Mobile Infirmary Circle, Mobile, AL 36607, USA. mconrad2@comcast.net

Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases
|January 28, 2003
PubMed
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Iron absorption is tightly regulated to prevent toxicity. Heme and inorganic iron utilize distinct pathways, involving proteins like mobilferrin and DMT-1, to maintain iron homeostasis.

Area of Science:

  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Iron is essential for life but toxic in excess, necessitating strict absorption regulation.
  • Dietary heme iron is readily absorbed, while inorganic iron absorption is more complex.
  • Maintaining iron equilibrium is crucial for preventing deficiency and overload.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct pathways of heme and inorganic iron absorption in enterocytes.
  • To investigate the roles of mobilferrin and DMT-1 in iron uptake and transport.
  • To understand the regulation of intestinal iron absorption based on cellular iron levels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of heme and inorganic iron uptake mechanisms in intestinal cells.
  • Identification and characterization of key proteins involved in iron transport, including mobilferrin and DMT-1.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigation of the paraferritin complex's function as a ferrireductase.
  • Examination of iron regulatory mechanisms involving transferrin receptors.

    • Main Results:

    • Heme iron enters enterocytes via an endosomal process, releasing inorganic iron intracellularly.
    • Ferric iron absorption occurs through an integrin-mobilferrin pathway (IMP), distinct from other metals.
    • Ferrous iron uptake utilizes the DMT-1 pathway, shared with manganese.
    • Mobilferrin and DMT-1 are secreted with mucins in iron deficiency to enhance luminal iron binding.
    • Paraferritin, a complex of IMP and DMT, acts as a ferrireductase, facilitating iron availability.
    • Intracellular iron concentration regulates absorption via transferrin receptors, except in hemochromatosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Distinct pathways govern heme and inorganic iron absorption, with IMP and DMT-1 playing critical roles.
    • The paraferritin complex is vital for intracellular iron processing and availability.
    • Intestinal iron uptake is dynamically regulated by cellular iron status, ensuring homeostasis.