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Swimming-induced pulmonary edema.

Keri L Lund1, Richard T Mahon, David A Tanen

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA.

Annals of Emergency Medicine
|January 28, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema occurs without aspiration and involves fluid accumulation in the lungs due to immersion. This condition, characterized by dyspnea and hypoxemia, typically resolves rapidly with conservative treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a rare condition not fully understood.
  • Immersion in water significantly impacts circulatory dynamics and lung volumes, especially in cold conditions.

Observation:

  • Water immersion alters central vascular volume and pulmonary blood flow distribution.
  • Increased cardiac output and hydrostatic pressures may lead to capillary fluid extravasation.
  • Patients present with dyspnea, hypoxemia, cough, and sometimes hemoptysis.

Findings:

  • SIPE manifests as pulmonary edema, confirmed by physical exam and chest X-ray.
  • Symptoms include shortness of breath, low oxygen levels, and coughing.
  • Radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema typically resolves within 24-48 hours.

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Implications:

  • Understanding SIPE pathophysiology is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Prompt recognition and symptomatic treatment lead to rapid recovery.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of SIPE.