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[Inflammatory bowel disease--do microorganisms play a role?].

Sara Elsøe Nielsen1, Ole Haagen Nielsen, Ben Vainer

  • 1Medicinsk-gastroenterologisk afdeling C, patologisk-anatomisk institut, Amtssygehuset i Herlev. sara@mdb.ku.dk

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|January 30, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Microorganisms may play a role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Research suggests IBD inflammation might stem from an immune system imbalance and lost tolerance to gut microbes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic gastrointestinal disorders.
  • The precise etiology of IBD remains incompletely understood, with microbial involvement being a significant area of investigation.

Purpose:

  • To review the potential pathogenic roles of various microorganisms in the development and progression of IBD.
  • To explore the involvement of normal intestinal flora and specific pathogens in IBD pathogenesis.
  • To discuss findings from experimental animal models of colitis.

Summary:

  • This review examines the evidence linking specific microorganisms (e.g., Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, viruses, Listeria monocytogenes) and the gut microbiome to IBD.

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  • While current results are inconclusive, a hypothesis is proposed: IBD inflammation may result from an immune imbalance leading to a loss of tolerance to commensal gut microflora.
  • Studies on experimental animal colitis models are also considered.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the need for further research into the complex interplay between the host immune system and the gut microbiota in IBD.
    • Suggests potential avenues for future therapeutic strategies targeting microbial dysbiosis or immune tolerance in IBD patients.
    • Provides a comprehensive overview for researchers and clinicians investigating the microbial basis of inflammatory bowel diseases.