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Spring viremia of carp (SVC)
W Ahne1, H V Bjorklund, S Essbauer
1Institute of Zoology, Fishery Biology and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Kaulbachstrasse 37, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
|January 30, 2003
Summary
Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is a significant rhabdovirus disease impacting common carp, causing high mortality in cool waters. Immunity develops at warmer temperatures, and diagnosis involves clinical signs, cell culture, and molecular methods.
Area of Science:
- Aquatic Animal Health
- Virology
- Fish Diseases
Background:
- Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is a significant disease affecting cyprinids, particularly common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
- It is a notifiable disease caused by the spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), a rhabdovirus, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in European carp culture.
- SVCV infection causes tissue damage in vital organs like the kidney, spleen, and liver, resulting in hemorrhage, electrolyte imbalance, and immune suppression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the characteristics of SVCV, including its transmission, genome structure, and replication.
- To outline diagnostic methods for SVCV and its relationship with other fish rhabdoviruses.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of SVC for stakeholders in carp aquaculture.
Main Methods:
- Viral isolation in cell culture and molecular techniques for diagnosis.
- Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sequence homology analysis for viral classification.
- Serological assays (serum neutralization, immunofluorescence, ELISA) for antibody detection and cross-reactivity studies.
Main Results:
- SVCV causes significant mortality at 10-17°C, with recovery conferring immunity.
- The virus is transmitted via water and potentially through vectors like leeches and carp lice.
- SVCV has a single-stranded RNA genome (5 genes) and is tentatively classified in the genus Vesiculovirus, distinct from Novirhabdovirus.
- In vitro replication occurs in fish, bird, and mammalian cells optimally at 20°C.
- SVCV cross-reacts with pike fry rhabdovirus (PFR) but can be differentiated using specific serological and molecular tests.
Conclusions:
- SVCV is a critical pathogen in carp aquaculture requiring effective diagnostic and management strategies.
- Understanding SVCV's biology and its relationship to other rhabdoviruses aids in disease control.
- Accurate diagnosis and differentiation from related viruses like PFR are essential for disease surveillance and management.
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