Twinning in natural melilite simulating a fivefold superstructure
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 27, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
Published on: September 5, 2014
Luca Bindi1, Leigh H Rees, Paola Bonazzi
1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via La Pira 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy. lbindi@steno.geo.unifi.it
Abstract:
Additional reflections seemingly leading to a tetragonal fivefold supercell have been observed in a number of melilites. A careful examination of the collected intensity data reveals that this feature is due to the coexistence of two twin domains related by a (120) twin plane. Reflections of the first domain (I) with h(b)(2) + k(b)(2) = 5n overlap those of the second domain (II) when both the following additional conditions are verified: -h(b) + 2k(b) = 5n and 2h(b) + k(b) = 5n. Indices of the superimposed reflections are h(b,I) k(b,I) l(b,I) for the first domain, and h(b,II) = 3/5h(b,I) + 4/5k(b,I), k(b,II) = 4/5h(b,I) - 3/5k(b,I), l(b,II) = l(b,I) for the second domain. The non-crystallographic pseudosymmetry in the melilite structure is discussed.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Ionic Crystal Structures
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Stereoisomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview
Structural Isomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

