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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

890
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 4, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Acute and crescentic glomerulonephritis.

M Vijayakumar1

  • 1Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. drmvk.vsnl.net

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|February 1, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute nephritic syndrome, often caused by post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children, typically resolves well with prompt treatment. Early recognition and therapy are key for a good prognosis, especially in preventing severe outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Acute nephritic syndrome presents with hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, and edema, often linked to acute proliferative glomerulonephritis.
  • Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a frequent cause in children, usually following an infection.
  • It is a common cause of renal edema in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of acute nephritic syndrome, particularly in children.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition, prompt treatment, and follow-up for favorable outcomes.
  • To differentiate between simple acute proliferative glomerulonephritis and crescentic glomerulonephritis regarding prognosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical review of acute nephritic syndrome and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
  • Histopathological findings of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with or without crescents.
  • Analysis of prognostic factors and indications for kidney biopsy.

Main Results:

  • Prognosis is generally good for acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, especially with early and adequate intervention.
  • Crescentic glomerulonephritis is associated with a poorer outcome, necessitating immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Indications for biopsy include delayed resolution, severe or progressive renal failure, and systemic symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management are crucial for improving outcomes in acute nephritic syndrome.
  • Immunosuppressive therapy is vital for managing crescentic glomerulonephritis but not for simple cases.
  • Classical post-streptococcal acute proliferative glomerulonephritis in children typically has a favorable prognosis.