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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth
09:22

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Published on: December 17, 2014

Ventilator-associated lung injury.

Liao Pinhu1, Thomas Whitehead, Timothy Evans

  • 1Unit of Critical Care and National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|February 1, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical ventilation supports critically ill patients but can cause lung injury. Minimizing ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) improves survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation is essential for patients with respiratory failure.
  • It carries risks like pneumonia, cardiac issues, and sedation challenges.
  • Positive or negative pressure can lead to ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the effects of mechanical ventilation on injured lungs.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI).
  • To highlight how minimizing VALI improves outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mechanical ventilation and lung injury.
  • Analysis of the physiological effects of positive and negative pressure ventilation.

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3D Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Respiratory Motion in Mechanically Ventilated Mice and Rats

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth
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Published on: December 17, 2014

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Induction of Mouse Lung Injury by Endotracheal Injection of Bleomycin

Published on: April 30, 2019

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  • Discussion of mechanisms contributing to ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI).

    • Main Results:

    • Mechanical ventilation, while life-saving, can induce or exacerbate lung injury (VALI).
    • VALI is a significant concern in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
    • Strategies to minimize VALI are crucial for improving patient survival.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the mechanisms of VALI is key to optimizing mechanical ventilation.
    • Reducing ventilator-induced lung injury can significantly enhance patient outcomes in ARDS.
    • Further research into lung-protective ventilation strategies is warranted.