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Rhinosporidiosis--a clinicopathological study of 34 cases

J H Makannavar1, S S Chavan

  • 1Department of Pathology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|February 4, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Rhinosporidiosis, a fungal infection, commonly affected men in their second to fourth decades, primarily involving the nose and nasopharynx. Histopathological analysis revealed specific cellular responses and diagnostic features of Rhinosporidium seeberi.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pathology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi.
  • It commonly affects the nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, and ocular tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features of rhinosporidiosis.
  • To identify diagnostic markers for Rhinosporidium seeberi.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 11.5 years of patient data (1987-1998).
  • Histopathological examination of tissue samples using Hematoxylin and Eosin, PAS, and Verhoeff Van Gieson stains.

Main Results:

  • Rhinosporidiosis accounted for 68% of fungal lesions studied.
  • The disease predominantly affected men in their second, third, and fourth decades.
  • Nose and nasopharynx (85%) were the most common sites, followed by ocular tissue (9%).
  • Histopathology showed lymphoplasmacytic response in all cases, with polymorphonuclear leukocytic response at sporangia rupture sites.
  • Epithelioid granulomas and giant cells were observed in 47% of cases.
  • Transepithelial migration of sporangia occurred in 76% of cases.
  • Rhinosporidium seeberi was readily identified with H&E staining; PAS and Verhoeff Van Gieson stains highlighted trophic forms.

Conclusions:

  • Rhinosporidiosis is a significant fungal infection with distinct demographic and clinical patterns.
  • Histopathological features, including specific cellular responses and sporangia characteristics, aid in diagnosis.
  • Staining techniques like PAS and Verhoeff Van Gieson enhance the visualization of Rhinosporidium seeberi.

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