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Schistosomiasis and the kidney.

Rashad S Barsoum1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. rbarsoum@msn.com

Seminars in Nephrology
|February 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, significantly impacts kidney health, causing renal complications like nephritis and end-stage renal disease. Early treatment is crucial as chronic damage from Schistosoma infection can be irreversible.

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Schistosomiasis affects 200 million people globally, causing 20,000 deaths annually.
  • Key species include Schistosoma hematobium, S. mansoni, and S. Japonicum, prevalent in Africa, South America, and the Far East.
  • Renal and bladder complications are significant, particularly with S. hematobium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the renal manifestations of schistosomiasis.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis of kidney damage caused by Schistosoma parasites.
  • To highlight the long-term consequences and treatment implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on schistosomiasis and renal pathology.
  • Analysis of pathological mechanisms leading to glomerulonephritis and kidney dysfunction.
  • Correlation of clinical outcomes with parasitic species and infection duration.

Main Results:

  • Schistosoma hematobium infection frequently causes urinary tract obstruction, interstitial nephritis, and end-stage renal disease.
  • Immune complex deposition in glomeruli leads to various forms of glomerulonephritis (mesangioproliferative, exudative, membranoproliferative, focal segmental sclerosis, amyloidosis).
  • Chronic sequelae, including renal scarring and bladder precancerous lesions, are irreversible despite antiparasitic treatment like praziquantel.

Conclusions:

  • Schistosomiasis poses a severe threat to renal health, potentially leading to irreversible kidney damage and failure.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis is key to managing complications and improving patient outcomes.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to mitigate long-term renal morbidity.

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