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From swimming to walking: a single basic network for two different behaviors.

Tiaza Bem1, Jean-Marie Cabelguen, Orian Ekeberg

  • 1Department of Bionics, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Trojdena, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland. tiaza.bem@ibib.waw.pl

Biological Cybernetics
|February 5, 2003
PubMed
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The spinal locomotor network for trunk movement is ancient. Limb pattern generators evolved later, influencing axial motor patterns through sensory feedback during terrestrial locomotion.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Physiology

Background:

  • The evolution of terrestrial locomotion required adaptations in motor control.
  • Spinal locomotor networks are crucial for generating rhythmic movements like swimming and walking.
  • Understanding the evolution of these networks provides insights into vertebrate motor system development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that the spinal locomotor network for trunk movement is evolutionarily conserved.
  • To investigate how limb pattern generators influence axial motor patterns during the transition from aquatic to terrestrial locomotion.
  • To model the neural control of swimming and walking in amphibians.

Main Methods:

  • Electromyography (EMG) recordings from epaxial muscles in the newt Pleurodeles waltl during swimming and walking.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Computer simulations using a simplified lamprey spinal pattern generator model.
  • Analysis of network output under different input drive conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Two distinct input patterns were identified that replicate newt swimming and walking motor patterns.
    • Swimming patterns result from tonic excitation with specific intensity gradients.
    • Walking patterns require phasic drive and modified intersegmental connectivity, potentially driven by mechanosensory feedback.

    Conclusions:

    • The spinal locomotor network for axial movements shows phylogenetic conservatism from agnathans to amphibians.
    • Limb pattern generators influence axial control via central and mechanical coupling, modulating sensory feedback.
    • Mechanosensory feedback from stretch receptors likely contributes to generating distinct terrestrial locomotion patterns.