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Smallpox: the disease and strategies for its control
1Public Health Laboratory Service, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London.
Nursing Times
|February 6, 2003
Summary
Smallpox, a eradicated infectious disease, remains a concern due to potential biological attacks. This article reviews smallpox virus, symptoms, transmission, and control strategies for deliberate release scenarios.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Smallpox was a historically devastating infectious disease, globally endemic for centuries.
- A successful global eradication campaign led by the World Health Organization declared smallpox extinct in 1980.
- Renewed interest in smallpox stems from concerns about its potential use as a biological weapon.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the smallpox virus.
- To detail the signs, symptoms, transmission, and treatment of smallpox.
- To outline vaccination and control measures relevant to deliberate release scenarios.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of smallpox epidemiology and virology.
- Analysis of historical smallpox eradication strategies.
- Review of current public health guidelines for biological threat response.
Main Results:
- Smallpox virus (Variola virus) causes a severe, contagious disease with characteristic rash and fever.
- Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected materials.
- Effective vaccination and prompt public health interventions are crucial for control.
Conclusions:
- While naturally eradicated, smallpox poses a potential bioterrorism threat.
- Preparedness strategies, including vaccination and response teams, are vital.
- Understanding smallpox remains important for global health security.