Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biocompatibility and Therapeutic Potential of Cinnamoyl-Diphenylalanine Dipeptide: A Double-Edged Sword.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A·2026
Same author

Area-Selective Atomic/Molecular Layer Deposition of Europium-Organic Thin Films on Graphene and Other 2D Materials for Photoluminescent Heterostructures.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Fmoc-Phe : Fmoc-Leu supramolecular hydrogels with adaptive antibacterial activity.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Photoinduced functionalization of graphene with photocleavable coatings.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025
Same author

Near-Field Optical Nanopatterning of Graphene.

Small science·2025
Same author

A non-metal-to-metal I<sup>+</sup>-Ag<sup>+</sup> coordination bond.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
12:42

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation

Published on: November 26, 2014

A neutral xenon-containing radical, HXeO.

Leonid Khriachtchev1, Mika Pettersson, Jan Lundell

  • 1Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 6, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a novel xenon-containing molecule, HXeO, using UV photolysis and thermal mobilization. This groundbreaking discovery in noble gas chemistry reveals the intrinsic stability of HXeO, opening avenues for related species.

More Related Videos

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Isolating Interaction-Null&#47;Impaired Mutants Using the Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay
02:44

Isolating Interaction-Null/Impaired Mutants Using the Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay

Published on: December 29, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
12:42

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation

Published on: November 26, 2014

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Isolating Interaction-Null&#47;Impaired Mutants Using the Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay
02:44

Isolating Interaction-Null/Impaired Mutants Using the Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay

Published on: December 29, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Noble gas compounds are of significant interest due to their unusual bonding characteristics.
  • The study of open-shell species provides insights into chemical reactivity and stability.
  • Xenon's unique electronic structure allows for the formation of novel chemical bonds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new open-shell species containing xenon, specifically HXeO.
  • To investigate the stability and bonding properties of the HXeO molecule.
  • To explore the potential for creating related noble gas hydrides like HKrO and HArO.

Main Methods:

  • UV photolysis of H(2)O/Xe or N(2)O/HBr/Xe solid mixtures at cryogenic temperatures (7 K).
  • Thermal mobilization of oxygen atoms at temperatures above or equal to 30 K.
  • Infrared spectroscopy to detect the H-Xe stretching absorption.
  • Ab initio calculations to determine the electronic structure and bonding of HXeO.

Main Results:

  • Successful preparation of the open-shell HXeO ((2)Sigma) species.
  • Identification of the H-Xe stretching absorption band at 1466.1 cm(-1) in solid Xe.
  • Observation of a significant spectral shift to 1070.3 cm(-1) upon deuteration (DXeO).
  • Theoretical calculations confirmed the intrinsic stability of HXeO, attributing it to combined ionic and covalent bonding.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of HXeO radicals demonstrates the stabilization and mobility of oxygen atoms in solid xenon.
  • The study provides strong evidence for the inherent stability of HXeO, challenging previous assumptions about noble gas chemistry.
  • These findings suggest that similar hydrides of lighter noble gases, such as HKrO and HArO, may also be stable and synthesizable.