Black hole evaporation with separated fermions.

Area of Science:

• High-energy physics
• Theoretical physics
• Quantum gravity

Background:

• Proton decay is a key prediction of Grand Unified Theories.
• Low quantum gravity scales necessitate mechanisms to suppress fast proton decay.
• Extra spatial dimensions offer potential solutions to reconcile particle physics with gravity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the implications of localized quarks and leptons in an extra dimension for black hole evaporation.
• To predict the observable signatures of nonuniversal black hole decay at future hadron colliders.
• To differentiate predictions from models where all Standard Model fields reside at a single point in extra dimensions.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing theoretical models with a low quantum gravity scale and an extra spatial dimension.
• Analyzing the nonuniversal evaporation of quantum gravity scale black holes.
• Calculating the expected ratio of final state particles (jets, charged leptons, photons) from black hole decay.

Main Results:

• Fast proton decay is suppressed by localizing quarks and leptons in distinct positions within a 1/TeV extra dimension.
• Black holes are expected to evaporate nonuniversally, preferentially emitting either quarks or leptons.
• A distinct ratio of final state jets to charged leptons to photons (113:8:1) is predicted for black hole decay products.

Conclusions:

• The proposed extra-dimensional model provides a mechanism to avoid fast proton decay.
• Nonuniversal black hole evaporation offers a unique experimental signature at future colliders.
• The predicted particle ratios differ significantly from previous models, offering a testable prediction for new physics.