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Evolution of RPS4Y.

A W Bergen1, M Pratt, P T Mehlman

  • 1Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, USA. awb@dicbr.niaaa.nih.gov

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|February 8, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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The Y-chromosome gene RPS4Y originated from a transposition of RPS4X before primate divergence. This ribosomal protein gene shows faster evolution on the Y chromosome compared to its X-chromosome counterpart.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • The Y chromosome harbors unique genes, including RPS4Y, a ribosomal protein gene.
  • Understanding the evolutionary origin of Y-linked genes provides insights into sex chromosome evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origin of the RPS4Y gene in primates.
  • To determine the timing of RPS4X transposition to the Y chromosome.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of RPS4Y and flanking regions in four nonhuman primate species.
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction of RPS4 sequence evolution.
  • Molecular evolutionary rate estimation.
  • Southern hybridization analysis of primate genomic DNA.

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Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of mammalian RPS4 and RPS4Y.
  • RPS4Y exhibits significantly accelerated rates of DNA and protein evolution compared to RPS4X.
  • Estimated transposition of RPS4X to the Y chromosome occurred between 32 and 74 million years ago.
  • Transposition predates the divergence of Prosimii.

Conclusions:

  • The RPS4Y gene arose from a transposition of RPS4X to the Y chromosome in early primates.
  • Accelerated evolution of RPS4Y may be linked to its unique Y-chromosome environment.