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Simultaneous electrical and optical mapping in rabbit hearts.

Stephen B Knisley1, Michael R Neuman

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering of the School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA. knisley@bme.unc.edu

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|February 8, 2003
PubMed
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Extracellular voltage (Ve) and optical transmembrane voltage (Vm) measurements show small, but significant, differences in cardiac excitation timing. These discrepancies are influenced by the direction of electrical propagation and the depth of optical signal interrogation.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Biomedical Optics
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of local cardiac excitation is crucial for understanding heart function and disease.
  • Extracellular voltage (Ve) and optical transmembrane voltage (Vm) are two common methods used to assess cardiac electrical activity.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the quantitative differences in excitation timing between these two measurement techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the excitation times measured by extracellular voltage (Ve) and coepicentral optical transmembrane voltage (Vm) during cardiac pacing and sinus beats.
  • To investigate the factors contributing to any observed time differences between Ve and optical Vm measurements.
  • To estimate the interrogation width/depth ratios for both Ve and optical Vm methods.

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Main Methods:

  • Utilized a transparent electrode array and a laser scanner for simultaneous epicardial measurements.
  • Recorded excitation times during both epicardial pacing and intrinsic sinus beats.
  • Employed dipole and Monte Carlo models to estimate interrogation width/depth ratios for Ve and optical Vm.

Main Results:

  • Observed mean time differences between Ve and optical Vm measurements during pacing were 1.9 +/- 1.9 ms (n=1,112 pairs).
  • Sinus beats with transmural propagation indicated deeper interrogation for optical Vm compared to Ve.
  • Pacing along epicardial fibers resulted in later optical Vm excitation times, while pacing across fibers yielded earlier optical Vm times relative to epicardial Ve.

Conclusions:

  • Significant, albeit small, time differences exist between epicardial Ve and optical Vm measurements of cardiac excitation.
  • These differences are attributable to the varying interrogation depths of the two techniques and ventricular myocardial fiber rotation.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering measurement technique and propagation direction when interpreting cardiac electrical activity.