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Food allergy: an overview.

Rhoda Sheryl Kagan1

  • 1Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada. rhoda.kagan@muhc.mcgill.ca

Environmental Health Perspectives
|February 8, 2003
PubMed
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Food allergies are common in children and adults, often diagnosed by detecting food-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Current management involves strict avoidance and emergency epinephrine auto-injectors.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Pediatric Allergy

Background:

  • Food allergy prevalence is higher in children (5-7.5%) than adults (1-2%), due to increased predisposition and developing tolerance.
  • Food allergies are classified as persistent or transient, with some foods more likely to be outgrown.
  • Diagnosis relies on detecting food-specific IgE and correlating with clinical reactions or challenge tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of food allergy prevalence, classification, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the differences in food allergy presentation between children and adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on food allergy epidemiology and clinical practice.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria including IgE testing and clinical history.

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  • Examination of current treatment strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Food allergy affects a significant portion of the pediatric and adult populations.
    • Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergies can be transient or persistent.
    • Accurate diagnosis requires integrating serological findings with clinical symptoms or controlled food challenges.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary vigilance and self-injectable epinephrine remain the primary treatments for food allergies.
    • Understanding the transient nature of some allergies is crucial for management and potential reintroduction of foods.
    • Further research may explore novel therapeutic approaches beyond avoidance.