Protein kinase C modulates pulmonary endothelial permeability: a paradigm for acute lung injury

The intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C (PKC) has an important role in the genesis of pulmonary edema. This review discusses the PKC-mediated mechanisms that participate in the pulmonary endothelial response to agents involved in lung injury characteristic of the respiratory distress syndrome. Thus the paradigms of PKC-induced lung injury are discussed within the context of pulmonary transvascular fluid exchange. We focus on the signal transduction pathways that are modulated by PKC and their effect on lung endothelial permeability. Specifically, alpha-thrombin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and reactive oxygen species are discussed because of their well-established roles in both human and experimental lung injury. We conclude that PKC, most likely PKC-alpha, is a primary supporter for lung endothelial injury in response to alpha-thrombin, TNF-alpha, and reactive oxygen species.