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[Infection-induced urinary stones].

K-H Bichler1, E Eipper, K Naber

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tuebingen. bichler@med.uni-tuebingen.de.

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|February 8, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Infection stones, a significant portion of urinary stones, form due to urease-positive urinary tract infections. Prompt treatment and removal of these struvite or carbonate apatite stones are crucial to prevent kidney damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infection stones constitute about 15% of urinary stone diseases.
  • These stones are primarily composed of struvite and/or carbonate apatite.
  • Formation is contingent upon urease-positive urinary tract infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathogenesis of infection stones.
  • To highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.
  • To discuss current therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on infection stone formation and management.
  • Identification of key etiological factors and risk factors.
  • Analysis of modern treatment modalities for stone removal and infection control.

Main Results:

  • Urease-positive infections lead to ammonia production and alkaline urine, promoting struvite and carbonate apatite crystal formation.
  • Risk factors include urinary obstruction, neurogenic bladder, distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), and myelomeningocele (MSK).
  • Untreated infections and stones can cause significant kidney damage.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management involves addressing the underlying infection and removing stones, preferably with less invasive methods like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
  • Individualized treatment plans and frequent monitoring for recurrent infections and stones are essential.
  • Current treatment modalities allow for good therapeutic and prophylactic outcomes.

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