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Protective effects of oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine prepared by co-spray drying method
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:
The efficacy of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae oral vaccine was investigated in microsphere dosage form. A co-spray drying process was used to apply an encapsulating material, Eudragit L30 D-55, to microspheres containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens. The microspheres were generally effective (>93%) with protein release at pH 7.4, but almost none were released at pH 1.2, for 3 hr in an in vitro dissolution test. An SPF-swine model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the microspheres as an oral vaccine, and the related immune responses. The serum's systemic IgG against M. hyopneumoniae was evoked by ELISA analysis, after a 2nd immunization of all pigs. The vaccinated groups' mean lesion score was significantly lower after the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge than that of the nonvaccinated/challenged groups (P<0.05). This study strongly suggests that the oral microspheres vaccine prepared by a co-spray drying method can provide effective protection against M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.
Insights
An oral Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine using microsphere technology showed high efficacy. This novel vaccine formulation effectively protected pigs against M. hyopneumoniae infection, demonstrating significant reductions in lesion scores.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Immunology
- Vaccine Technology
- Swine Health
Background:
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a significant pathogen causing respiratory disease in pigs.
- Current vaccination strategies often involve injectable vaccines, necessitating specific handling and administration.
- Developing effective oral vaccine delivery systems is crucial for improved animal welfare and disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae oral vaccine formulated in microspheres.
- To evaluate the immune response and protective effects of the microsphere vaccine in a swine model.
- To assess the in vitro release characteristics of antigens from the microsphere formulation.
Main Methods:
- Microspheres containing M. hyopneumoniae antigens were prepared using a co-spray drying process with Eudragit L30 D-55.
- In vitro dissolution tests were conducted to assess protein release at different pH levels (1.2 and 7.4).
- An SPF-swine model was used to evaluate vaccine efficacy, including serum IgG response (ELISA) and lesion scoring post-challenge.
Main Results:
- The microspheres demonstrated controlled antigen release, with high protein release at pH 7.4 and minimal release at pH 1.2.
- Vaccinated pigs showed a significantly lower mean lesion score compared to non-vaccinated, challenged pigs (P<0.05).
- Systemic IgG response against M. hyopneumoniae was successfully evoked after the second immunization.
Conclusions:
- The co-spray dried microsphere vaccine formulation provides effective protection against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.
- Oral administration of microsphere-encapsulated antigens is a viable strategy for developing M. hyopneumoniae vaccines.
- This technology holds promise for improving swine respiratory disease management.
