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Sex differences in cognition: a function of maturation rate?

D P Waber

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |May 7, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Early maturing adolescents excel in verbal skills, while late maturing ones show stronger spatial abilities. This suggests physical maturation rates influence brain organization and cognitive sex differences.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • Adolescent maturation rates vary significantly between individuals.
    • Cognitive abilities, such as verbal and spatial skills, show sex-differentiated patterns.
    • The relationship between physical maturation and brain organization is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between adolescent physical maturation timing and cognitive abilities.
    • To explore sex differences in cognitive performance in relation to maturation.
    • To examine the link between maturation, brain lateralization for speech, and cognitive sex differences.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed verbal and spatial abilities in early and late maturing adolescent groups.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluated speech lateralization in relation to maturation timing.
  • Correlated physical maturation rates with cognitive test performance and brain organization.
  • Main Results:

    • Early maturing adolescents demonstrated superior verbal abilities compared to spatial abilities.
    • Late maturing adolescents exhibited the reverse pattern, excelling in spatial over verbal skills.
    • Late maturing individuals showed greater speech lateralization than early maturing ones.

    Conclusions:

    • Adolescent maturation timing is associated with distinct patterns of cognitive strengths.
    • Differential rates of physical maturation may underlie observed sex differences in mental abilities.
    • Maturation-related differences in cortical organization likely contribute to cognitive sex disparities.