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Herpes simplex type 2 pneumonia.

Edenilson Eduardo Calore¹

¹Emílio Ribas Institute, Biomedical Institute--São Paulo University, SP, Brazil. calore@sti.com.br

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases

|February 15, 2003

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Herpes simplex virus type 2 pneumonia is rare in AIDS patients. This case shows how this viral infection can cause severe pulmonary hypertension and heart failure in an HIV-positive woman.

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Cardiology
Pulmonology

Background:

Pulmonary infections in AIDS patients are common, but herpetic infections are rare.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the usual culprit; herpes simplex virus type 2 pneumonia is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

A 40-year-old HIV-positive woman presented with chronic fever, cough, dyspnea, and signs of heart failure.
Genital vesicles suggested genital herpes; echocardiography revealed pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Findings:

Pulmonary biopsy showed interstitial inflammation and vascular changes in an HIV-positive patient.
Immunohistochemistry confirmed herpes simplex virus type 2 in endothelial cells, macrophages, and pneumocytes, indicating widespread viral involvement.

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Implications:

Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection can lead to endothelial dysfunction, interstitial inflammation, and pulmonary hypertension in HIV patients.
This case highlights a rare cause of heart failure in immunocompromised individuals, emphasizing the need for considering unusual pathogens.