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Glucagon-like peptide 2 function in domestic animals.
1USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu
Domestic Animal Endocrinology
|February 15, 2003
Summary
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) enhances nutrient absorption and gut health by stimulating intestinal cell growth and reducing inflammation. Its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders in animals is significant but largely unexplored.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Endocrinology
- Animal Science
Background:
- Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is derived from the proglucagon gene, co-secreted with GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells upon nutrient ingestion.
- GLP-2 is a 33-amino acid peptide rapidly cleaved by DPP-IV into a less active form.
- Its secretion is regulated by direct nutrient stimulation and indirect neural/endocrine inputs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the physiological roles of GLP-2 in nutrient absorption, gut motility, and trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa.
- To explore the potential therapeutic applications of GLP-2 in managing gastrointestinal injury and diseases, particularly in domestic animals.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on GLP-2 synthesis, secretion, and mechanism of action.
- Analysis of GLP-2's effects on intestinal cell proliferation, apoptosis, permeability, and inflammation.
- Discussion of GLP-2 receptor localization and signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- GLP-2 enhances nutrient absorption by inhibiting gastric functions and stimulating nutrient transport.
- It promotes intestinal mucosal growth via crypt cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis.
- GLP-2 mitigates gut inflammation, permeability, and bacterial translocation in injury models.
Conclusions:
- GLP-2 exerts significant trophic effects on the intestine and modulates gut barrier function.
- GLP-2's mechanism involves a G-protein-linked receptor in the intestinal mucosa and hypothalamus, acting indirectly.
- Further research into GLP-2's implications for domestic animal production and treatment of neonatal/weanling gastrointestinal diseases is warranted.