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Dopamine effects on the intestinal circulation.

W Pawlik, D Mailman, L L Shanbour

    American Heart Journal
    |March 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Dopamine constricts intestinal blood vessels, reducing oxygen use and flow. However, it also stimulates dilator receptors, suggesting complex effects on the canine mesenteric vascular bed.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Gastrointestinal Physiology

    Background:

    • Dopamine's role in regulating mesenteric blood flow is complex.
    • Understanding dopamine receptor subtypes in the gut is crucial for therapeutic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of dopamine on mesenteric blood flow, oxygen consumption, and capillary density in dogs.
    • To elucidate the specific dopamine and adrenergic receptors involved in mediating these effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Intra-arterial dopamine infusion in anesthetized dogs.
    • Measurement of superior mesenteric artery blood flow using an electromagnetic flow-meter.
    • Calculation of intestinal oxygen consumption and estimation of capillary density via 86Rb clearance.
    • Pharmacological blockade of dopamine receptors with haloperidol and beta-adrenergic receptors with propranolol.

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    Main Results:

    • Dopamine decreased mesenteric blood flow, oxygen consumption, and 86Rb clearance in a dose-dependent manner.
    • Haloperidol pretreatment reversed dopamine-induced decreases, increasing blood flow and oxygen consumption.
    • Propranolol administration reversed the effects observed in haloperidol-blocked animals.

    Conclusions:

    • Dopamine induces intestinal ischemia and hypoxia by causing smooth muscle contraction in mesenteric arterioles and precapillary sphincters.
    • Dopamine acts on at least two distinct receptors in the canine mesenteric vascular bed: a constrictor receptor (blocked by haloperidol) and a dilator receptor (blocked by propranolol).