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The effect of methadone on fetal brain function.

L I Mann, A Bhakthavathsalan, M Liu

    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    |April 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Methadone rapidly affects fetal brain function, causing decreased blood flow, altered electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, and bradycardia in sheep. These effects on the fetal brain and heart rate are dose-dependent.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology
    • Perinatal Medicine

    Background:

    • Opioid use during pregnancy poses risks to fetal development.
    • Understanding methadone's impact on the fetal brain is crucial for managing neonatal abstinence syndrome.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the direct effects of methadone on fetal brain activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the acute effects of methadone on fetal brain function, specifically the electroencephalogram (EEG).
    • To correlate plasma methadone concentrations with observed physiological changes in fetal sheep.
    • To assess the impact of methadone on fetal carotid blood flow and heart rate.

    Main Methods:

    • Eight short-term fetal sheep experiments were conducted.
    • Methadone was administered via single injections into the fetal circulation (5-20 mg).
    • Plasma methadone concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay; EEG, carotid blood flow, and heart rate were monitored.

    Main Results:

    • Plasma methadone concentrations above 0.065 mg% correlated with decreased carotid blood flow, reduced EEG frequency/amplitude, and bradycardia.
    • Lower methadone concentrations showed similar cardiovascular effects but minimal or no EEG changes.
    • Fetal brain uptake of methadone was rapid, impacting both electrical activity and heart rate.

    Conclusions:

    • Methadone administration significantly affects fetal brain electrical activity and cardiovascular function.
    • The observed changes in EEG and heart rate suggest rapid methadone uptake and action within the fetal brain.
    • These findings highlight the neurophysiological impact of methadone on the developing fetus.

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