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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

7. Rhinitis and sinusitis.

Mark S Dykewicz1

  • 1Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 20, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhinitis and sinusitis are common conditions impacting quality of life and productivity. Effective management requires identifying underlying causes and appropriate treatment, distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rhinitis and sinusitis are common, often co-occurring conditions causing significant morbidity and healthcare costs.
  • These conditions can lead to systemic symptoms, reduced quality of life, decreased workplace productivity, and missed school days.
  • Effective management of rhinitis/sinusitis is crucial for controlling related conditions like asthma and allergic conjunctivitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of differentiating causes of rhinitis for effective treatment selection.
  • To outline diagnostic considerations for acute and chronic sinusitis.
  • To emphasize the need for identifying and treating predisposing factors in chronic sinusitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for rhinitis and sinusitis.
  • Discussion of therapeutic approaches based on etiology (allergic, infectious, etc.).
  • Guidance on the role of diagnostic imaging (CT scans) in specific sinusitis cases.

Main Results:

  • Rhinitis has diverse etiologies including allergic, non-allergic, infectious, and environmental factors.
  • Distinguishing rhinitis and sinusitis solely on history can be challenging.
  • Acute bacterial sinusitis is considered with symptom persistence (>7 days), while CT scans are reserved for chronic sinusitis or treatment failures.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of rhinitis and sinusitis requires careful evaluation of underlying causes.
  • Treatment strategies should be tailored to the specific etiology of rhinitis.
  • Management of chronic sinusitis necessitates addressing underlying predisposing conditions.