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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
07:49

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Published on: April 13, 2015

22. Immune responses to malignancies.

Theresa L Whiteside1

  • 1Research Pavilion at Hillman Cancer Center, Suite 1.27, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1863, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 20, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapy faces challenges as tumors evade immune detection. Novel strategies must protect antitumor effector cells within the tumor microenvironment for effective cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Immune responses to tumor antigens are typically weak in cancer patients.
  • Tumors are recognized as
  • self
  • ,
  • leading to inadequate immune surveillance.
  • Tumors actively subvert the host immune system, causing immune dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which tumors escape immune detection.
  • To understand how tumors induce dysfunction and apoptosis in CD8(+) antitumor effector cells.
  • To identify strategies for protecting antitumor effector cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune responses to tumor-associated antigens versus infectious agents.

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
07:49

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Published on: April 13, 2015

A Syngeneic Mouse B-Cell Lymphoma Model for Pre-Clinical Evaluation of CD19 CAR T Cells
12:16

A Syngeneic Mouse B-Cell Lymphoma Model for Pre-Clinical Evaluation of CD19 CAR T Cells

Published on: October 16, 2018

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

  • Investigation of molecular mechanisms of tumor immune escape.
  • Evaluation of tumor-induced immune cell dysfunction and apoptosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients mount strong responses to non-self (infections) but weak responses to self (tumors).
    • Tumors employ distinct molecular mechanisms to evade immune cells.
    • Tumors induce apoptosis and dysfunction in CD8(+) effector cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective cancer immunotherapy requires overcoming tumor-induced immune suppression.
    • Strategies must focus on protecting antitumor effector cells within the tumor microenvironment.
    • Further research into tumor immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for developing novel cancer treatments.