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Apoptosis and histopathologic changes in diffuse coronary atherosclerosis.

Marjeta Zorc1, Ruda Zorc-Pleskovic, Olga Vraspir-Porenta

  • 1Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Angiology
|February 21, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Apoptosis plays a role in diffuse coronary atherosclerosis, though at low levels. Advanced atherosclerotic lesions, predominantly fibrous tissue, were observed in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pathology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Diffuse coronary atherosclerosis is a complex disease.
  • Understanding the cellular mechanisms, including programmed cell death (apoptosis), is crucial for characterizing lesion development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histopathologic features of atherosclerotic lesions in diffuse coronary atherosclerosis.
  • To evaluate the role of apoptosis in the development of this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathologic analysis of coronary endarterectomy specimens from 59 patients.
  • TUNEL staining to detect apoptotic cells (TUNEL-positive cells).
  • Immunohistochemical analysis for MIB-1-positive cells and characterization of mononuclear infiltrates (macrophages, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes).

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Main Results:

  • Advanced atherosclerotic lesions (Type VII and VIII) predominated (62.7%).
  • Apoptotic cells (TUNEL-positive) were found in 6.8% of specimens, primarily within mononuclear infiltrates (0.5% of cells in infiltrates).
  • Intense mononuclear infiltrates, rich in macrophages and lymphocytes, were present in 50% of samples, with a higher proportion of MIB-1-positive cells in these areas.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptosis, although present at low levels within mononuclear infiltrates, is likely involved in diffuse coronary atherosclerosis.
  • The association between higher apoptotic and MIB-1-positive cell proportions in infiltrates suggests a dynamic cellular process.
  • The observed advanced lesion types indicate significant disease progression in the studied patient cohort.