Homebound status in a community-dwelling elderly population in Japan

The present study investigated the association between sociodemoraphic profiles, health condition and functional disabilities of subjects with a homebound status in a rural community setting. The subjects were residents aged 65 years or over in a mountain village of Japan. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to obtain their data. Among the 1,002 residents, the information of 866 residents (85%), who voluntarily completed the entire survey, was obtained for this study. All the subjects were native Japanese. Of the 866 subjects investigated, 301 (34.8%) were homebound as defined by the parameters of this study. Univariate analysis revealed age, female gender, functional impairment (vision, hearing and memory), all the ADL impairments, and the use of a portable toilet were associated with homebound status. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, female gender, visual and two ADL impairments (moving inside the home and bathing) and use of a portable toilet remained significantly related to homebound status. Homebound elderly people have more functional limitation and disability related factor than their nonhomebound counterparts. Functional impairment, particularly in the mobility domain and sensory disturbances, was associated with homebound status. These data indicate the importance of assessment in the provision of home care for elderly people.