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Neural systems of second language reading are shaped by native language
Li Hai Tan1, John A Spinks, Ching-Mei Feng
1Joint Laboratories for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. tanlh@hkucc.hku.hk
Human Brain Mapping
|February 25, 2003
Summary
Chinese-English bilinguals use their native language brain systems for second language reading. This suggests language experience shapes neural pathways for reading, impacting L2 processing efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Linguistics
Background:
- Second language (L2) reading involves complex interactions between L2 and native language (L1).
- Understanding the neural basis of bilingual reading is crucial for cognitive science and education.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the neural mechanisms of phonological processing in Chinese-English bilinguals reading both languages.
- To compare brain activity during Chinese and English phonological tasks in bilingual individuals.
Main Methods:
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity.
- Participants performed phonological tasks on Chinese characters and English words.
Main Results:
- Phonological processing of Chinese characters activated left middle frontal and posterior parietal gyri.
- This same neural system was highly active during English word processing in bilinguals.
- Brain areas typically used for English phonemic analysis by monolinguals showed weak activation in bilinguals.
Conclusions:
- Bilinguals appear to apply their L1 neural system to L2 reading.
- The logographic nature of Chinese may lead to reduced reliance on analytic reading systems for English.
- Brain imaging data support the concept that language experience shapes cortical organization for reading.