Renal graft failure due to type 1 primary hyperoxaluria

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) usually presents with recurrent urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and progressive renal failure at a relatively young age. This report describes a patient who, due to the late onset of end-stage renal disease, had been diagnosed with PH1 only after failure of his second kidney graft. Retrospectively, his vascular problems, skeletal abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias fit the picture of severe systemic oxalosis. Possible therapeutic options are discussed.